Safe Ups and Downs for Process Units-化工装置的安全开停车

Tests should be made in accordance with a procedure prepared prior to the startup. It must be determined that all testing has been satisfactorily completed. Pumps and piping should be inspected during and following these tests. 

在开车之前，应按已经编制好的程序进行试验。必须确定是否所有试验均已经完成。在试验过程中和试验后，都应对泵和管道进行检查。

Scaffolding materials, tools and surplus materials should be removed from the operating area. 

脚手架材料、工具和剩余材料，都应撤出装置运行区。

Furnace fireboxes should be inspected and all debris removed from them.

Failure to remove shutdown blinds and failure to install running blinds can cause serious upsets and damage. The startup procedure, giving the prescribed time for removal of shutdown blinds and the installation of running blinds, must be followed. A blind list should be included as a part of the startup procedure, and each removal or insertion of a blind should be noted and initialed by the operator in charge (Figure 17). If a blind is overlooked, much time and work may be wasted and hazardous conditions may be created, especially if the correction has to be made at a critical time in the startup. If blinds are reinstalled after having been removed and signed out, this must be noted on the blind list. No blind may be installed or removed without permission from the operators. 

应对炉膛进行检查，并将所有残留物都清除出去。未拆除停车盲板及未安装运行盲板都会造成严重故障和破坏。开车程序规定了拆除盲板和安装运行盲板的规定时间，必须遵守规定的时间。应将盲板明细表作为开车程序的一部分包括进去，每次拆除和安装盲板，都应由主管人员做记录并签字确认（见图17）。如果忽略了一块盲板，就可能要浪费很多时间和工作，并可能会造成危害，尤其是在开车的关键时刻，将会不得不采取补救措施。如果在已经拆除和签字后重新安装盲板，则必须记录在盲板明细表上。未经操作人员许可，不得安装和拆除盲板。

Figure 17: Records are important to make sure blinds are installed and removed. 

图17：做好记录对于确认盲板的安装与拆除是很重要的。