谈谈高处作业-Working at height
If the job you're about to do involves working at height, or at a location where there is a potential of tools or equipment dropping to a lower level causing serious harm. For example, working in towers, temporary scaffold platforms, walkways etc.
如果你要做的工作涉及到高处作业,或者工作的地点存在工具或者设备可能会掉到低层造成严重伤害。例如,在塔台、临时的脚手架平台、走道等场所作业。
Then, drops prevention always starts before you begin the job, and should be part of the planning phase. Take the time to think about your work area and the size of the drop zone, and the correct effective positioning of barriers to keep everyone clear.
在工作之前,我们就要开始预防坠落,这应该是工作计划环节的一部分。请花点时间考虑下工作区域和物体坠落区的大小,及符合真实情况的警戒区(字面意思:障碍区,结合上下文,并请教EHS专业老师,这里理解为:警戒区。谢谢!),以期让所有人都很清楚。
Think about the tools and equipment you'll use. Check they're in good condition. And only take tools with you that you'll need to complete the task. It’s a good idea to take note of the number of tools you'd take up with you.
想一想要使用的工具和设备。要检查它们是否完好。请只带上完成任务所需要的工具。记下要使用的工具的数量,是个很不错的主意。
Make sure they're attached securely to your tool belt or bag. Using the correct lanyards or securing devices. Think about how you can prevent objects from falling. Check your pockets for any loose items. Sources have dropped objects, include: small tools, nuts, bolts, nails, screws, washers and Allen Keys, even pens and pencils can be potential dropped objects. Check for any gaps that equipment, tools, or small items could fall through. Make sure toe or kick boards are in place on your scaffold, and netting is placed around the runners.
请确保需要使用的工具及设备牢固地系在工具腰带或者在工具包上。要使用正确的安全绳或者固定装置。请想一想如何防止物体的掉落。检查口袋里有没有松动的东西。会坠落的物体包括:小工具、螺母、螺栓、钉子、螺丝、垫圈和内六角扳手,甚至笔与铅笔都可能是潜在的坠落物体。检查设备、工具或者小件,是否有掉落的间隙。要确保脚趾或者踢脚板在脚手架上就位,并在横杆周围放置防护网。
If you're working over grating, think about using a mat, board, or tarpaulin to make sure the grating is covered. Do you have the right fall protection equipment available to use? Remember you need to prevent yourself from being a dropped object, too.
如果你在格栅上工作,要考虑使用垫子、木板或者防水布来确保格栅能被盖住。有合适的防坠落装备吗?请记住,我们也要防止自己成为坠落的物体。
Before starting the task, always check ropes, lanyards, or other securing devices. Are they twisted or frayed? Could they snap or work loose? Take a minute to check them. Have you done everything you can to make sure there are no opportunities for objects to drop? If so, you're ready to begin your work. But remember: always stay alert. Conditions can change suddenly when you're at sea with sudden vessel movements which can displace tools or equipment lying on deck. Or when you're on shore, wet weather or strong winds can mean that something may become a risk that wasn't before.
作业开始前,务必要检查绳索、吊绳或者其他固定装置。变形了,还是磨损了?会折断或者松动吗?务必花点时间检查一下。已经用了最大努力来确保没有机会让物体掉落吗?如果是这样,你已经准备好开始工作了。不过,请记住:要一直保持警惕。如果在海上,情况会突然发生变化,船只的突然移动,会让甲板上的工具或者设备移位。或者,在岸上时,阴雨天气或者强风都意味着:某些原本不是风险的东西,可能会成为风险。
When you reach the worksite, you should always check any fixed equipment, or plant, bolts, or other fixings or fastenings may have been secured the last time you were at there. But remember things can change. Look for any bolts, end caps, redundant materials, or tools that may have been left by a previous work party, or that could have come loose with vibration, or weathered with rust.
到达工作场所时,每次,我们都应该检查所有的固定的装备,或者设备,或者螺栓,或者其他的固定物,或者紧固件,这些固定装备可能在上一次的高处作业时确实是牢固的。不过,要记住:情况是会变化的。要查看所有螺栓、端盖、多余的物料或者工具,这些可能是某个工作组所留下的,或者可能是会由于振动而松动,或者因为生锈而腐蚀。
Always use the right tool for the job, even if it means you have to stop the job and go down again to collect it. If you do have to leave the worksite at any point, first, make sure you check you have secured any bolts, fastening or fittings properly, and not left any loose replacement parts behind. All completion of your task and before leaving, check that all the tools that were taken up are secured in your work belt or bag. How many tools did you take up with you? Make sure you have them all before you climb down.
即使“需要必须停止工作,并下去取工具”,也要始终为工作使用正确的工具。在任何时间点,如果必须离开现场,首先,一定要确保已正确固定所有的螺栓、紧固件或者配件,并且没有留下任何松动的需要更换的零件。在完成工作离开之前,请检查所有被拿走的工具是否都固定在工作腰带或者工作包上了。带了多少工具呢?在从高处作业区域下来之前,请确保把工具都拿上了。
Always take care on your descent or ascent. Watch out for handrails, brackets, or fittings that could snag your tool belt or bag. If you become caught and feel resistance, always stop and check what the problem is, and free yourself carefully. Never use force to free yourself. You may not be working at height, but when there is work above or below you, make sure you do not cross any barriers or enter into any barrier zone. Never put yourself in the line of fire. If you ever see anyone in the drop zone, speak up. It could help prevent an incident.
在下降或者上升时,一定要小心。当心扶手、架子或者固定装置,这些可能会钩住工具腰带或者工具包。如果你被钩住,并感觉有阻力,一定要停下来检查看看问题出在哪,然后,小心翼翼地把自己挪开。千万不要竭力挪开自己。也许,你并不在高处作业,不过,在上方或者下方有作业时,要确保没有穿过任何警戒,或者进入到任何警戒区域。千万不要让自己处于火线上。如果你在物体坠落区看到任何人,请大声说话。这有助于防止发生意外事件。
Let’s look at a working at height scenario:
让我们来看一个高处作业的场景:
During maintenance operations, a light fixture became dislodged from its anchor point possibly due to vibration. It didn't fall as the cable was still attached, but it hadn't been checked to make sure that it was secure before the work in the surrounding area was carried out, nobody was hurt on that occasion.
维护作业中,一个灯具可能由于会振动而从其固定点脱落。不过,由于和电缆仍然连在一起,所以,没有坠落,而在周围区域的工作开展之前,没有检查并确保其是牢固的,正是当时没有人受伤。
But if it had fallen, there could have been serious consequences. After this incident, it was also identified that the drop zone was not wide enough for the work at height being undertaken. This means that anyone standing behind the barrier may have had a full sense of security and could realistically been hit. As part of your stop, look and think habit, you should always look at ground level, too. Is the drop zone wide enough for any dropped object? Could the object be deflected as it falls? Could it bounce?
但是如果灯具掉下来了,可能会导致严重的后果。意外事件发生后,还发现物体坠落区域过窄,根本无法进行高处作业。这意味着任何站在警戒区域后面已经感到安全的人,可能会被坠落的物体击中。作为停止、观察和思考习惯的一部分,我们也应该始终关注地面上的情况。对于坠落的物体而言,物体坠落区域是否足够宽敞?物体下落时会发生偏转吗?物体会反弹吗?
If in doubt, always extend the drop zone. It’s better to over than underestimate the extent of the drop zone. Are there sufficient signs and barriers in place? If it's possible, conduct any working at height activities at low activity times when there are less people around.
如果存在疑问,要扩大物体坠落区域。这总比低估物体坠落区的面积要好。在合适的位置,是否有足够的标志和警戒?如果有可能的话,要在周围人少且作业活动少的时间,进行高处作业。
Summary
总结
Vigilance is key-Stop, look and think of ways to prevent objects dropping before starting work. Always secure tools and equipment when working at height. Using approved, fit for purpose securing devices. Check fixed plant or equipment for anything loose, damaged or rusty. Check the security of all loads and the lifting equipment before the lift.
各位,警惕是关键-在工作前,要停下来寻找并思考防止物体坠落的方法。高处作业时,请务必固定好工具和设备。使用经批准的、合适的固定装置。要检查固定装置或者设备有无松动、损坏或者生锈。在起重作业前,请检查所有的重物与起重设备的安全性。
Never place yourself within a drop zone or enter a barriered zone. Remain vigilant throughout work at height, or when lifting, loading or unloading. If you see a loose object anywhere, pick it up and secure it .Then report it. Stop the job, if something is not safe. Communication with other work parties and contractors is key.
不要将自己置身于物体坠落去与或者进入警戒区。要在整个高处作业环节,或者起重、装货或者卸货时保持警惕。如果在任何地方看到物体松动,捡起来并把它固定好,之后请报告该情况。如果存在某些不安全的状况,请把工作停下来。与其他的工作组及承包商进行沟通,这才是关键。‍